DATABASE AND DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - 1948 Words

Database From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information. For example, modeling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies. DBMS stands for Database Management System. In short, a DBMS is a database program. Technically speaking, it is a software system that uses a standard method of cataloging, retrieving, and running queries on data. The DBMS manages incoming data, organizes it, and provides ways for the data to be modified or extracted by users or other programs. Database management systems (DBMSs) are specially†¦show more content†¦Its distinguishing feature is that the schema, viewed as a graph in which object types are nodes and relationship types are arcs, is not restricted to being a hierarchy or lattice. 3. Relational model The relational model for database management is a database model based on first-order predicate logic, first formulated and proposed in 1969 by Edgar F. Codd.[1][2] In the relational model of a database, all data is represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations. A database organized in terms of the relational model is a relational database. Diagram of an example database according to the Relational model.[3] In the relational model, related records are linked together with a key. The purpose of the relational model is to provide a declarative method for specifying data and queries: users directly state what information the database contains and what information they want from it, and let the database management system software take care of describing data structures for storing the data and retrieval procedures for answering queries. Most relational databases use the SQL data definition and query language; these systems implement what can be regarded as an engineering approximation to the relational model. A table in an SQL database schema corresponds to a predicate variable; the contents of a table to a relation; key constraints, other constraints, and SQL queries correspond to predicates. However, SQL databases, including DB2,Show MoreRelatedinformation system1255 Words   |  6 PagesIn all information systems, data resources must be organized and structured in some logical manner, so that they can be: D. All of the choices are correct. From a logical point of view, a(n) _______________ is the smallest data element that can be observed and manipulated. A. character A record represents a collection of _______________ that describe an entity. D. attributes All the fields used to describe the attributes of an entity are grouped to form a(n) _______________.Read MoreDatabase Management Systems ( Rdbms ) Essay1033 Words   |  5 Pagesstructures in database systems. Keywords—B+ Tree, B Tree , indexing. I. INTRODUCTION A database management system (DBMS) is a combination of programs that gives the ability for you to store, extract and modify information from a database. There exist many different types of database management systems, ranging from small systems that run on personal devices to large systems that run on mainframes. Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) are the most popular database management systems used todayRead MoreDatabase: Data Management and Ref2448 Words   |  10 PagesChapter 1: Database Systems TRUE/FALSE 1. Data and information are essentially the same thing. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 5 2. Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 6 3. We are now said to be entering the â€Å"knowledge age.† ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 6 4. Information implies familiarity, awareness, and understanding knowledge as it applies to an environment. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 6 5. Data constitute the building blocks of informationRead More3.1 Ump ( Unified Mysql Platform ) Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesperformance MySQL cloud scheme, which is developed by the core database team of Taobao. Its key module is realized by the Erlang programming language. The system including controller server, proxy server, agent server, API/Web server, analysis and optimization server and log analysis server. Developers can apply for MySQL instance resources from the platform, and access the data through a single entrance provided by the platform. UMP system maintains and manages a resource pool, to provide master-slaveRead More251143950 Database Systems Design Implementation And Management Coronel 11th Edition Test Bank Pdf4106 Words   |  17 PagesDatabase Systems Design, Implementation and Management Coronel 11th Edition Test Bank Click here to download the test bank INSTANTLY!!! http://www.solutionsmanualtestbank.com/products/2014/12/8/database -systems-design-implementation-and-management-coronel-11thedition-test-bank Database Systems Database Systems Database Systems Test Bank Database Systems Test Bank Design, Implementation and Management Coronel 11th Edition Test Bank Design, Implementation and Management Coronel 11th Edition TestRead MoreThe Management Of The Production Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pages1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT SUMMARY: The management of the production is done by the production manager manually which is a difficult process. The Project deals with the development of the computerized system for maintaining the regular records. The Project consists of various forms and developed with the help of the PHP Programming. The system has a module called Operation, which consists of the details of all employees that is needed to be filled in the form. The other module called the ProductRead MoreAn Example Of Inference Control1438 Words   |  6 Pagesinference control in a database is implementing inference control in a medical records database by explicitly identifying information, individual attributes such as address and zip code cannot identify individuals personally, each individual attribute alone does not provide sufficient information to identify individuals. A combination of the individual attributes may provide enough information to identify individuals forming an inference channel. An inference control would block database user’s access fromRead MoreProject Deliverable 1: Project Plan Inception Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesdollars per year. We are planning to merge with multinational company of equal size. Our company currently uses operational systems and relational databases but desire to expand into data warehousing. We will be integrating different technologies from different solution providers and incorporate industry best practices in connection with the development of technological system. Internet-based industry is a growing industry with most companies having an annual growth between 6.5% and 8%. This is dueRead MoreInformation Asset Inventory and Analysis of Cincom Systems1399 Words   |  6 PagesAsset Inventory and Analysis of Cincom Systems Introduction Creating and sustaining a competitive advantage in the enterprise software industry requires a myriad of processes, systems and people all orchestrated toward delivering a steady foundation of new technologies. Protecting the current and evolving future technologies, the core intellectual property of a software company, requires an enterprise-wide security strategy (Dutta, Roy, 2008). Cincom Systems, a leader in the development of enterpriseRead MoreProject Deliverable 1950 Words   |  4 Pagesseems that company has following resources which form the personnel of its information systems: a. Chief Information Officer - It provides assistance to senior management on IT related tasks. b. Develop and maintain IT infrastructure. c. Develop efficient design to implement operations of the company. d. Information System specialist - It designs and administers infrastructure development and support. e. Database administration - Storing data and mining it for future goals of the company. f. Project

National Health Policy on a Specific Topic

Question: Analyse and compare the formation and implementation of national health policy on a specific topic/issue? Answer: The National Health Policy includes the immediate improvement of the health system performance. From the last years of the Millennium Declaration and its Goals, this policy is being structured. All nations in their global context committed to moving towards the coverage of universal health. The national health policy relates the economic growth and the health status of a particular country. It is a declaration of the country's government to achieve health outcomes by using its economic growth. The implementation of national health policy is a complex procedure. At every level of the health system, attention should be paid to ensure the implementation and sustainability of this health policy (Syed et al., 2013). In this essay, a comparative study between the formation and implementation of national health policy has been done on a specific issue between two countries on some aspect. Here the two countries Netherland and the United Kingdom are taken in consideration. In these two countries the patient safety issues will be compared based on the following three aspects: the interest and power actors and stakeholders, the relevant contextual factors and the implementation policy in each of the countries (Tella et al., 2014) Patient safety is a healthcare discipline that mainly focuses on the analysis of reporting and prevention of medical error. The improvement of patient safety policy includes steps like an adaptation of new technologies, educating the providers as well as the consumers, improving the system of error reporting and developing the economic incentives. Stakeholders in an organization are those entities; that plays a role in the health and performance of an organization, or that gets affected by the action of an organization. The quality of patient safety and healthcare is quiet complex because of the different stakeholders and their different views. The different stakeholders involved in patient safety and healthcare policies are clinical staff, patients, consultants, managers, professional bodies, universities, regulatory bodies, deaneries, trainers, etc. (Neuss et al., 2013). In Netherlands, the stakeholders contribute to patient safety in many different ways: Most importantly every employee should maintain the organizational culture, and they have to be trained properly to make them aware of the risks. The communication within the organization and with patients is important. To improve the communication, meeting with CEOs, nurse advisory boards, medical board members, patient safety coordinators are arranged to exchange experience and knowledge. The management should pay attention in risk analysis and monitoring every system to evaluate the safety policy. A training program for all employees is needed to implement the patient safety management system(Dahlgren et al.,2015). In Netherlands, the Traceability Focus Group brings the different stakeholders together in the healthcare organizations. They include representatives from different medical device suppliers and hospitals. The aim of this group is to form a community of stakeholders where they can exchange their traceability projects, experience, and knowledge to connect with their partner. It helps them to act as a community to help the newcomers, who are willing to start their projects. Focus group has worked on collecting evidence on the fact that how they can be able to contribute more efficiently in the supply chain in a more safe way. This resulted in increased patient safety, traceability business case in the operation. The traceability standards for healthcare provide a path to achieve the desired situation for patient safety (Neuss et al., 2013). The NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement has suggested the major stakeholders and their interests and contributions associated with patient safety in UK have been discussed in following points: one of the major stakeholders is the patients who have important role to perform in the implementation of patient safety. The patients should be co-operative and should have the power to get involved and contribute to the decision making of a health organization. The organization should also consider and understand the patient's expectation to provide a better service. The clinical staffs are another important stakeholders. A good communication between the clinical staffs is very much required to maintain the transparency inside the organization, which indirectly affects the patient safety. The professional bodies of the organization should maintain the privacy and dignity of a patient while working with other professionals within the organization. If an individual is involved in teach ing, he or she should ensure that the necessary skills are included in the training. The doctors should listen and respect the views of patients and other staffs. They should act immediately after a patient has suffered from any harm. The managers of any healthcare association should pay importance to risk management and regular audit. All these steps are taken to minimize the impact and possibility of error ensuring patient safety (Klemp et al., 2015) . The term contextual factor means that what determinant can be adopted for the effectiveness of the chosen matter. Concerning patient safety, it is based on the study for how to make a patient safe and helps them to recover as soon as possible. An emergency never comes up with a notice. Therefore, whenever someone faces emergencies like physical injuries medical hospitals are always there to assist them. Their prime responsibility is to take care of them with providing a safe service, sometimes friendly behavior so that they can revive rapidly. This leads to the discussion about patient safety. The main aspect concerning this is to reduce and prevent accidental issues and provide them care in case they suffer (Lawton et al., 2012). The main reason for a patient to choose a good hospital is for the facilities and medical treatment they provide to them. Therefore, maintaining their equipment time to time is a very important aspect. This helps the organization to prevent some situation like-if a patient is affected by some infection or suffers adversely by the wrong prescription of medication. Many a time it happens that during the stay period of a patient, they can be feeling very detached due to many reasons, it's the doctor's responsibility to provide them care with affection and support them morally. Strengthen a bond with the sufferer helps a lot to recover them quickly. Doctors at times conducted a psychological therapy for understanding the patient better and gaining their trust. The doctor must understand that every patient is different, and they need different assistance. The doctors and the nurses must have to be very gentle, quiet and tolerant (Dahlgren et al., 2015). Ill-treatments or overlooking the medication policy by the doctor sometimes leads to the patient's death, which not only disappoints their family members but it also affect the reputation of the hospital unfavorably. The fact is that the well-known the organization is, the greater the responsibility also. They must have to take in account that they must have to maintain their dignity and prosperity in every field of their work to survive with prominence (Klemp et al., 2015) Lastly, the main culmination in the future is why in the forthcoming days the patients will choose the organization. By providing a safe service to the present victims, so that they can recommend that institute to some people need medical assistance. This will help them to gain popularity as well as helps them to survive in the competitive world where many other medical homes are competing in the same field (Tella et al., 2014). The government of United Kingdom has taken the policy of patient safety for the patients of UK healthcare sector. Implementation of patient safety is a critical aspect of healthcare management. However, a patient safety of UK has faced lots of issues while providing service to the patients. A Recent issue of negligence of patients in Stafford Hospital has reminded that NHS needs to provide more fruitful and active strategy for the patients. National Health Safety of England took the responsibility of providing safety to the patients. NHS England implemented the policy of patient safety through the adoption of the review process of every individual case of the patients. The review process will describe the aspect of issues of safety among the patients of a hospital (Aiken et al., 2012). The indicators of patient safety are included within the report of patient safety as well as the important report of the security incident. Healthcare-associated infections and failure of children infections have also been included within the aspect of patient safety. The monitoring process is also given seriousness by the NHS of United Kingdom. Strategic Health Authorities has also been made as a reporting authority of patient safety. The NHS has taken the goal to reduce the number of issues within the aspect of patients safety. This policy of patients safety also ensures the security of all medical devices or medicines (Davis et al., 2012). The new patient safety system of NHS UK also protects the vulnerable adult. The patient safety program of NHS UK always regulates the application of medical devices or medicines. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) of NHS UK help to ensure the safety of all drugs and medical equipment. However, NHS UK has learned from the previous mistakes in health and social care setting. NHS UK has provided useful as well as relevant actions for the people of learning difficulties, the issue of mental health. This patient safety program of UK also ensures high quality of care for the patients of the country (Gov.uk, 2015). Dutch patient safety program is intended to maintain the security of a patient. The security program of Netherland is referred to as prevent harm, work safely. The implementation of a safety program is very effective for maintaining the security measure of the patients. Netherland has initiated national patient safety program which is called as Prevent harm, work safely.' This patient safety program applies within the network of a hospital. This program also provides leadership session with the CEO, nurses as well as members of the medical board and an advisory council of a nurse. This program is also involved in coordinating the aspect of patients safety within the organization. This program is also designed to exchange experience and knowledge among the patients or key stakeholders of a particular group (Lunt et al., 2013). The approach of patients safety is designed to develop basic requirements for the security management system of patients. This program is also designed to improve training and material for different hospitals. Dutch patients policy is also intended to meet the requirements of leadership, employees and communication with the key stakeholders of the healthcare group. The patient safety policies are not much different in UK and Netherlands. Both focus on patient satisfaction by maintaining a good communication with them and by providing a good healthcare service. Both of the countries have a structured management system for risk analysis, auditing, and documentation. To minimize the errors a good communication has to be maintained, and it is implemented in the healthcare organizations of the two countries using arranging meeting between the CEOs, officers of healthcare departments, doctors, other organizational staffs. In both countries, an emphasis is given on the proper training of employees to maintain the culture of an organization and to implement patient safety policies properly. A hygienic condition should be strictly maintained to avoid the chance of infection of any patient. New technologies are implemented for more accuracy in the treatment procedure. Different certified management systems are implemented in healthcare organizations to e nsure patient safety. The Dutch approach of patient safety takes three steps in consideration: first of all the basic requirements of a patient safety management system should be developed. Secondly, it is important to train each and every employee at each level and develop the material necessary for the implementation of patient safety in any organization. Lastly, the hospitals should reduce the preventable harm (Klemp et al., 2015). In the patient safety of UK, the NHS agenda consists of four components. Firstly, it is necessary to set national standards such as those set out a framework in national service, Controls Assurance standards, NICE standards, etc. The second step is to set up an effective delivery system through the clinical governance. Thirdly, develop a strong monitoring system throughout the organization to improve the performance of the framework and to minimize health hazards of the patient. Finally, measures are taken for an increment in public and patient involvement, like patient surveys, complaints procedure of NHS (Lawton et al., 2012). From this comparative study, it can be concluded that improvement of patient safety is a major priority for both of these countries. The proper measures will result to a significant benefit of both in the reduction of unintended harm and in unnecessary expenditure of money. The implementation of patient safety is quite complex. It includes the awareness and involvement of every stakeholder at every aspect of a healthcare organization. The hospitals and other healthcare organizations of both of these two countries are adopting new policies to develop the patient safety policies. In recent years, patient safety has become a major priority for any organization related to health and ensuring everyone's safety is the most important challenge for them. The expert group suggests that there is a need for a unified mechanism for reporting and analysis should be done when things do not go properly. In many countries researches are being done to develop new healthcare policies for the welfare o f patients. There are different organizations that are working to give the patients a better treatment and healthcare facility. The patient safety is the key to run any healthcare organization successfully, and it is the effort of people that can make it work. References: Aiken, L. H., Sermeus, W., Van den Heede, K., Sloane, D. M., Busse, R., McKee, M., ... Tishelman, C. (2012). Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: cross sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States.Bmj,344, e1717 Dahlgren, D., Whitehead, M. (2015). European Strategies for tackling social inequalities in health: levelling up part 2.World Health. Davis, R. E., Sevdalis, N., Jacklin, R., Vincent, C. A. (2012). An examination of opportunities for the active patient in improving patient safety.Journal of patient safety,8(1), 36-43. Gov.uk,. (2015).2010 to 2015 government policy: patient safety - GOV.UK. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2010-to-2015-government-policy-patient-safety/2010-to-2015-government-policy-patient-safety Klemp, K., Dovey, S., Valderas, J. M., Rohe, J., Godycki-Cwirko, M., Elliott, P., ... Hoffmann, B. (2015). Developing a patient safety incident classification system for primary care. A literature review and Delphi-survey by the LINNEAUS collaboration on patient safety in primary care.European Journal of General Practice,21(sup1), 35-38. Lawton, R., McEachan, R. R., Giles, S. J., Sirriyeh, R., Watt, I. S., Wright, J. (2012). Development of an evidence-based framework of factors contributing to patient safety incidents in hospital settings: a systematic review.BMJ quality safety, bmjqs-2011. ltd, V. (2016).Risk Management and Patient Safety - Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust.Nht.nhs.uk. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.nht.nhs.uk/main.cfm?type=CORPORATERISKMANAG Lunt, N. T., Mannion, R., Exworthy, M. (2013). A framework for exploring the policy implications of UK medical tourism and international patient flows.Social Policy Administration,47(1), 1-25 Neuss, M. N., Polovich, M., McNiff, K., Esper, P., Gilmore, T. R., LeFebvre, K. B., ... Jacobson, J. O. (2013). 2013 updated American Society of Clinical Oncology/Oncology Nursing Society chemotherapy administration safety standards including standards for the safe administration and management of oral chemotherapy.Journal of Oncology Practice,9(2S), 5s-13s. Nvz-ziekenhuizen.nl,. (2016). Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.nvz-ziekenhuizen.nl/_library/10732 safety, P. (2016).Patient safety.England.nhs.uk. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.england.nhs.uk/patientsafety/ Shekelle, P. G., Pronovost, P. J., Wachter, R. M., McDonald, K. M., Schoelles, K., Dy, S. M., ... Bates, D. W. (2013). The top patient safety strategies that can be encouraged for adoption now.Annals of Internal Medicine,158(5_Part_2), 365-368. Syed, S. B., Dadwal, V., Storr, J., Riley, P., Rutter, P., Hightower, J. D., ... Pittet, D. (2013). Strengthening the evidence-policy interface for patient safety: enhancing global health through hospital partnerships.Globalization and health,9(1), 47. Tella, S., Liukka, M., Jamookeeah, D., Smith, N. J., Partanen, P., Turunen, H. (2014). What Do Nursing Students Learn About Patient Safety? An Integrative Literature.Journal of nursing education,53(1), 7.